Positive Behaviour Support in Early Childhood: Starting Strong
Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) isn’t just for schools or adult services. It can begin in the early years, where it makes a lasting impact. Early childhood is a critical time for developing social, emotional, and behavioural skills. By embedding PBS strategies in preschool and early intervention settings, we support children in the moment and build strong foundations for learning and wellbeing.
Why Start PBS Early?
Preschool years are full of growth, exploration, and big feelings. For some children, especially those with developmental delays or additional support needs, communication or sensory differences can lead to behaviours that are misunderstood.
PBS in early childhood focuses on understanding these behaviours and using proactive strategies to support children to build new skills. Early intervention with PBS can reduce the need for more intensive support later, while improving outcomes in school readiness, relationships, and regulation.
Core Principles of PBS in Early Childhood
Prevention Before Reaction
PBS encourages us to adjust the environment, routines, or expectations to reduce the likelihood of challenges. In early learning, this might look like:
Visual schedules to build predictability
Defined play areas to limit overstimulation
Offering choices to increase control
Behaviour is Communication
All behaviour has meaning. It may be a child’s way of saying “I need help,” “I feel overwhelmed,” or “I don’t understand.” PBS encourages us to look beneath the behaviour and ask: What is this child trying to tell us?
Teach, Don’t Punish
PBS focuses on teaching alternative ways to communicate or cope. If a child throws toys to get a turn, we model and practise asking, waiting, or sharing. Each moment becomes an opportunity to support growth.
Work Together with Families
PBS works best when educators and families are on the same page. Consistent strategies across home and early learning settings help children feel secure and supported.
Practical PBS Strategies for Early Learners
PBS strategies can be simple and effective. Here are a few examples:
Visual supports such as picture routines, instructions, and social stories
First-Then boards to support transitions (e.g. “First pack away, then outside play”)
Positive reinforcement such as “I love how you used your words to ask for help”
Modelling and prompting through role play, songs, or games
Calm corners with sensory tools or soft items that children can choose to use as needed. These spaces are for regulation, not time out.
Big feelings are a normal part of early development. These tools help children feel safe and understood as they learn new skills.
A Real Life Example: Mia’s Story
Mia, a three-year-old in a community preschool, was often hitting during group time. Her teacher took a PBS approach, observing what was happening. They found Mia was overwhelmed by the noise and close proximity during circle time.
Instead of punishing the behaviour, the team made small adjustments. Mia was given a quieter space and a fidget toy. She later learned to ask for space and use calming strategies. Her behaviour changed, not through consequences, but with understanding and support.
A Foundation for Life
PBS in early childhood is about more than behaviour. It is about helping children feel seen, supported, and safe. When we approach behaviour with curiosity and care, we create environments where every child can learn and thrive.
Sometimes, it’s not the child who needs to adapt. It’s the environment that needs to shift to meet the child’s needs. Starting early with PBS gives children the tools to grow with confidence and connection.
